The Ottoman Empire: A Historical Journey:

Sulunme Empire of the Ottomans (1299 — 1453)

Founding and Osman I:

The Ottoman Empire was founded at the end a 13th century when its founder Osman I established an emirate in north part of Anatolia. His heirs increased their holding by means of marriages, battles and treaties.

Conquest of Constantinople:

The climax was reached in 1453 when Sultan Mehmet II besieged and seized Constantinople which nowadays is called Istanbul. It led to the final year of the Byzantine Empire and a new year for the Ottomans as they asserted their rule over the territory.

The Classical Age (1453 — 1566)

Suleiman the Magnificent:

This period was marked rule of Sultan Suleiman I popularly referred to as Suleiman the Magnificent. His reign in general was distinguished by territorial growth, the renaissance of Turkish culture, Süleymaniye Mosque and many other attributes.

Sultanate of Women:

The true power, however, lay in the hands of many women; for instance, Hürrem Sultan, born Roxelana, and Kösem Sultan.

Reformations (1566–1700)

Köprülü Era:

The Köprülü family, especially Mehmed Köprülü, put reforms into force which led to the improvement of the state situation. Thus, their interests were based on military affairs and organization, administration, and economics.

Cultural Renaissance:

Ottoman Empire turned out excellent works of literature, art and even architecture during this era. Thus, the Topkapi Palace and the creations of baki and fuzuli belong to this period.

Demise, Renewal and Issues (1700 — 1827)

Nizam-i Djedid Reforms:

Mustakirmer Sultan Selim III, in the 18th century tried to reform the military and the bureaucracy along new lines. But, due to opposition coming from diehard stakeholders, progress was sluggish.

Tanzimat Era:

The legal, education and administrative reform process started in 19th century was called Tanzimat. The empire faced the problem of ethnic nationalism and outside forces.

Decline and Legacy (1828 — 1922)

Crimean War and Russo-Turkish Wars:

The empire had problems with territorial losing and internal conflicts. The result of Crimean War further decline of Ottoman hegemony in the region 1853–1856.

Young Turks and World War I:

The Young Turks’ aim was to achieve a constitutional state, however, the war that followed posed new problems. With entering into an alliance with the Central Powers it disintegrated.

Legacy:

Some of these are Blue Mosque, beautiful carpets, and delicious food that people and visitors can get to relish. It lives on in modern Turkey as a culturally diversified country with immigrants’ relics.